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Organic Trade Association
Organic Trade Association (OTA) is a membership-based business association that focuses on the organic business community in North America.

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Organic and Transition Basics

Use the resources gathered here to familiarize yourself with the basics of organic farming--with the fundamental principles and practices, the mindset and culture, and the nature of the marketplace. You'll also find information-rich basic guidebooks detailing the how-to's of organic production. And you'll be introduced to all aspects of getting certified, from the transition period, to record keeping, to the farm inspection, to the organic system plan you'll be required to develop in conjunction with your certifier. All of these certification topics will be addressed again in greater detail in the Getting Certified section of the Pathway. You'll find more detailed production advice in the Managing Crops and Managing Livestock sections.

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Resource Listing
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An Economic Modeling Tool for Farmers Thinking about Transitionota
The FarmSelect online tool allows farmers to compare the economics of conventional vs. organic production. All you have to do is enter your zip...
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Oregon Tilth Certified Organic Guidebook on How to Achieve Organic Certification on Livestock Farmsota
This easy to read online brochure covers the certification process, and the basic requirements for organic livestock--origins of livestock,...
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Organic Crops Workbook: A Guide to Sustainable and Allowed Practicesota
This guide features descriptions of the basic requirements for crop certification--an organic system plan, soil management, weed management, etc....
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Organic Farm Certification & the National Organic Programota
An excellent overview of why farmers go organic, a five-step description of the certification process, a discussion of fees, and a brief history of...
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Organic Livestock Handbookota
The Organic Livestock Handbook is divided into three sections: Section 1 explains the principles of organic livestock husbandry and includes...
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The New Farm Web Siteota
NewFarm.Org is one of the most useful organic and sustainable farming web sites in the country. It features research, hundreds of farm profiles, a...
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Transition to Organic Crop Productionota
The ABCs of crop transition, in a two-page fact sheet. Quickly describes why farmers transition, what the basic requirements are for transition and...
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Upper Midwest Organic Resource Directoryota
This online directory identifies resource groups, certification agencies, suppliers, buyers, processors, consultants, publications and events in...
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Apples: Transitioning to Organic Apple Production in PAota
This Pennsylvania project seeks to improve the sustainability and profitability of small family apple farms through the implementation of...
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California Certified Organic Farmers' (CCOF) Certified Organic Magazineota
The CCOF magazine, Certified Organic, reaches a select and influential group of more than 1900 organic farmers, processors, retailers, wholesalers,...
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Common Mistakes Made By Organic Certification Applicantsota
In a quick, bulleted format, this fact sheet lists common mistakes of those going for organic certification, including improper documentation, use...
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Considering Organic Certification: Advice from Kentucky's Organic Program Coordinatorota
This article from Jake Schmitz, Kentucky's Organic Program Coordinator, outlines the basics: what motivates farmers to transition to organic, what...
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Cyber-Help for Organic Farmers, from the Canadian Organic Growers and the Certified Organic Associations of British Columbiaota
The objective is this Canadian site is to encourage organic and alternative food production in Canada by improving accessibility to quality organic...
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Dairy: Checklist for Converting to Organic Dairy Productionota
A fact sheet covering all of the basics of conversion to organic dairy.
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Dairy: Northeast Organic Dairy Producers Alliance - NODPAota
The web site of the Northeast Organic Dairy Producers Alliance (NODPA) includes links, directories, events information, marketing information, and...
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Dairy: Transition to Organic Dairy Productionota
A brief description of the transition process and timeline, followed by information on allowed and prohibited materials, rules for pasture, animal...
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Dairy: Transitioning to Organic Dairyota
In this collection of articles, the Northeast Organic Dairy Producers Alliance provides practical strategies for and insights into transitioning to...
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Economics of Organic Farmingota
Organic farmers diversify their businesses by growing several crops at one time, often having both livestock and field crops, and sometimes...
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Essential Reading for Farmers Interested in Organic Production, from Canadian Organic Growersota
This list of books and publications, many of them available through the Canadian Organic Growers web site, is a great collection of essential...
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Farming is Definitely Shades of Gray: Decision Making on an Organic Farmota
It all looks so clear-cut when you submit your organic crop plans in January. But by August you've had to make a dozen major decisions--some bad,...
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Frequently Asked Questions about Organic Food and Farmingota
The Organic Farming Research Foundation answers fundamental questions of interest to both farmers and consumers, such as: Why does organic cost...
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Helping Farmers Transition to Organicota
Dag Falck, organic program manager at Nature's Path Foods, discusses what farmers need to do to transition to organic production.
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Horizon Organic's Four Steps to Organic for Farmersota
Horizon Organic provides a short outline of the four basic steps to transitioning to organic land, pasture and dairy cows. The site also includes...
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How to Assess Organic Complianceota
This publication helps to simplify the certification process that determines whether an organic farming operation is in compliance with the USDA...
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Making the Transition to Organic Farming: It May be Easier Than You Thinkota
This fact sheet from the Rodale Institute's New Farm web site, covers the practical steps you need to take to prepare yourself for transitioning to...
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MOSES' Fact Sheets on Transitioning to Organic Productionota
Fact sheets on transition, including resources for transitioning to organic crop production, organic dairy, organic vegetable production and...
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NOFA-NY Certified Organic, LLC, 2007 Guidance Manualota
This guidance manual for organic producers and businesses certifying with NOFA-NY Certified Organic, LLC, covers the details of the certification...
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Organic Crop Production Overview: Fundamentals of Sustainable Agricultureota
A detailed overview of the basic principles and practices of organic crop production, from weed and pest control to soil fertility crop rotations,...
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Organic Dairy Production Overview from the Organic Trade Associationota
A quick overview of requirements for organic dairy production, from the Organic Trade Association.
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Organic Food & Farming: Myth and Realityota
This booklet, published by the Soil Association of Great Britain, examines some of the key issues around organic food and its production. It takes...
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Organic Foods Production Act Backgrounder from the Organic Trade Associationota
This article describes the National Organic Program, explains the function of the National Organic Standards Board, provides basic definitions...
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Organic in the U.S.: A View from Spaceota
The Organic Farming Research Foundation created a map of the US showing the geographic distribution of certified organic farmers, based on the USDA...
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Organic Livestock Production Web-Based Course in Canadaota
This web-based course from the Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada is intended for students new to organic livestock production, and for more...
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ORGANIC Precision Farmingota
For organic growers, "precision farming" doesn't mean GPS and on-board computers. It means better observation, longer memory, and more care and...
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Organic Whole Farm Planningota
An overview of the whole farm planning process required when you get certified organic--what it involves and why it's valuable.
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Small Farm, New Farm: A Web Resource from Ohio State University Extensionota
This web site provides access to a very deep collection of links to resources, including resources on specific organic crops, a collection of...
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Two Experienced Organic Farmers Synthesize the Core of their Best Practices in a Two Part Seriesota
In the first part of this series, Klaas and Mary Howell Martens of upstate New York summarize the best practices that makes their organic grain...
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We the Farmers: A Web Site for Those Who want to Explore Organic Production with Organic Valleyota
The CROPP Cooperative, with it's well-know brands (Organic Valley and Organic Prairie) created this site to share information about the CROPP...
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Why We Certify: Thoughts from an Organic Grain Farmerota
There's an emerging level of "sneaking non-compliance" with organic rules. There's resistance and frustration with niggling NOP rules. Lots of...
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Organic 101: U.S. Organic Regulations in Plain English--An All Things Organic Conference Sessionfee
U.S. organic regulations are complicated; you may not be a regulatory specialist but you still need the basics in plain language. Find out how the...
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Questions and Answers About Organic from the Organic Trade Association
This list of questions and answers from the Organic Trade Association offers basic information about who regulates organic claims, use of...
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Agricultural Marketing Resource Center
The Agricultural Marketing Resource Center is an electronic, national resource for producers interested in value-added agriculture. You can search...
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Agroecology and the Search for a Truly Sustainable Agriculture
This book, in an online PDF format, was written by well-known agroecologist Miquel Altieri. It outlines principles and strategies for designing...
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Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
This massive resource site, managed by the National Agricultural Library, maintains sections on sustainable agriculture, community supported...
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An Excellent Overview of the National Organic Program Requirements
Having trouble understanding the National Organic Standards? If so, you’re not alone! This overview is intended to provide an understandable...
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ATTRA's Organic Farming Page
ATTRA, the largest U.S. provider of information on organic and sustainable agriculture, hosts this organic resource page for farmers, full of links...
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Building Soils for Better Crops, 2nd Editionfee
The SARE book, "Building Soils for Better Crops," unlocks the secret of maintaining a diverse ecosystem below ground to foster healthy crops above....
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Creating an Organic Production and Handling System Plan: A Guide to Organic Plan Development, Including Standard Forms and Templates
Under the National Organic Program (NOP) Final Rule (1), each certified organic farm, ranch, or handling operation must have an "organic production...
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Diversifying Cropping Systems
Today's crop farmers, with their prices global and their costs local, are ensnared in an ever-tightening profit squeeze. Many of them have begun...
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Factors to Consider Before Transitioning
Converting to organic production is not a decision to take lightly. Organic farmers must learn how to work with nature to solve problems, such as...
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Gaining Ground: Making a Successful Transition to Organic Farming
This handbook, from Canadian Organic Growers, is an invaluable tool for all farmers interested in organic farming, whether conventional,...
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Getting Organic Livestock Certification
This address by Jim Riddle at the Midwest Poultry Federation Convention in 2004 covers the basics of certification for organic livestock: the...
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Grains: North Carolina Organic Grain Production Guide
This excellent production guide covers the basics of organic production, and specifics for corn, wheat, small grains and soybeans. Also has...
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Introduction to Organic Transition Experiment from the Center for Environmental Farming Systems
The overall goal of this research was to investigate various strategies, from a biological and economic systems perspective, for making the...
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Land Stewardship Project in Minnesota
The mission of the Land Stewardship Project is to foster an ethic of stewardship for farmland, to promote sustainable agriculture and to develop...
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Missouri Alternatives Center
The Missouri Alternatives Center serves as a communications center for Missouri farmers, Extension staff, government personnel and people who want...
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National Organic Program Compliance Checklist for Producers
This checklist assists in assessing the compliance of your farm or ranch operation with National Organic Program Standards. The Checklist is...
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NCAT's Organic Livestock Workbook
This workbook has been created to assist organic and transitional producers with livestock or mixed crop and livestock operations in understanding...
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Options and Opportunities for Producers in Organic Agriculture
George Siemon, head of Organic Valley Cooperative, reflects on the opportunities and challenges of organic production and marketing.
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Organic Livestock Production Resources from Ontario's Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
An extraordinarily rich set of resources about organic livestock production. Includes disease alerts, animal health practices for various livestock...
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Organic Livestock Resources from the National Agricultural Library
This collection of resources includes links to information on organic livestock basics, feed suppliers, feed processing basics, certification, etc....
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Organic Practice Guide
This organic practices guide, by Brian Baker of the Organic Materials Review Institute, is a clear and comprehensive overview of requirements for...
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Organic Producers Resource Guide to the Four Corners States
This guide was inspired by requests from farmers, ranchers, and service organizations in the Southwest Marketing Network for a listing of the...
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Organic Resource Manual for Farmers in Arkansas and the region
This manual was compiled to create a user-friendly directory of organic resources located in or around Arkansas. The directory provides National...
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Principles of Organic Production
This article from ATTRA provides an overview of the guiding principles of organic production--all of which have environmental benefits.
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Requirements for Organic Livestock in the United States
This article explains the regulations for the production and labeling of livestock and livestock products as "organic" in the United States. Under...
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Requirements for Seeds, Planting Stock and Seedlings under the USDA Regulations
This Pennsylvania Certified Organic Fact Sheet covers all the basic requirements, including documentation of good faith efforts to find organic seed.
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Sustainable and Organic Livestock Resources from ATTRA
This page from the ATTRA web site links to ATTRA publications and other resources on beef and dairy, hogs, sheep, goats, poultry, grass farming,...
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The Soul of Soil: A Soil-Building Guide for Master Gardeners and Farmers
Soil is the basis not only for all gardening, but for all terrestrial life. No aspect of agriculture is more fundamental and important, yet we have...
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Transition to Organic Farming in Canada: Evaluating Your Assets
This resource page takes a look at 10 assets you need to evaluate when considering the transition to organic. They include land ownership,...
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Transitioning to Organic Production
This document features an overview of organic farming, production advice, transition guidance, a section on the economics of organic production, an...
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A Brief Overview of Requirements for Organic Livestock
This summary from the Center for Food Safety is a good starting point for understanding the requirements of organic livestock production.
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Acres USA's Eco-Ag Online Bookstore
The Acres USA online book store is full hundreds of exceptional titles on ecological and organic farming, organized by useful categories like...
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Agroeconomic Analyses of the Transition Period to Organic and No-till Diversified Cropping Systems in the Northern Great Plains
Traditional wheat-only systems practiced in the semiarid northern Great Plains are not sustainable. In monoculture systems, disease, insect and...
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Alternatives to Intensive Confinement Systems, from the Animal Welfare Institute
This web page hosts a large collection of articles and profiles about more sustainable and humane ways to raise animals: hogs, hens and cattle.
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An Extensive Resource Listing for Organic Production from Cornell's Small Farms Program
This listing includes links to resources on organic certification, organic transition, organic marketing, organic dairy, organic field crops,...
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Apples: Sustainability of Organic, Conventional, and Integrated Apple Orchards
This research had two objectives: First, to look at a number of indicators of environmental and economic sustainability with these three apple...
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Applying the Principles of Sustainable Farming: Fundamentals of Sustainable Agriculture
This publication discusses the principles of environmental, economic, and social sustainability, and provides practical examples of how to apply...
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ATTRA Newsletter Provides a Variety of Resources on Transitioning to Organic
This late 2006 newsletter features: myths and realities about going organic, information on a program in Montana to assist farmers in...
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Becoming a Certified Organic Fresh Market Grower
The number of fresh market vegetable growers has increased steadily over the past few years and many of these growers are interested in producing a...
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Beef: Natural and Organic Beef Production in Arkansas
Covers the requirements of organic production, and the costs. From the University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service.
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Beef: Transitioning Cattle to Organic Production
A fact sheet from the certifier International Certification Services, Inc., of Medina, ND.
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Bison - Making the Switch to Organic
Have you ever considered becoming certified organic? Due to the nature of the bison industry, the transition is easy. Bison are natural, low...
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Changes in Weed Communities During Transition to Organic
Research from the University of Illinois, published in 2006.
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Converting to an Organic Farming System
This West Virginia University extension fact sheet covers organic production, pest management and other topics.
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Dairy and Livestock Technical Assistance: Transitioning to Organic
This page on the NOFA-VT web site provides access to a range of information on transitioning to organic or purchasing an organic herd.
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Dairy. The Organic Decision: Transitioning to Organic Dairy Production
Are you prepared to transition? Organic milk production is significantly different from conventional dairy farming and takes several years. An...
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Dairy: Considering Organic Dairy? Resources for MN Farmers
Two-page fact sheet provides essential resources for those considering a transition to organic dairy production, including lists of buyers, helpful...
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Dairy: Factors to Consider for Organic Dairy Farming in Arkansas
Addresses costs of transition and includes budgets. From the University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service.
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Dairy: Facts about Organic Dairying
This presentation from the 5th Annual Arizona Dairy Production Conference in 2006 discusses cost of production, labor, herd health, cost of...
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Dairy: Guidelines for Dairy Farms Making the Transition to Certified Organic Milk Production
Vermont Organic Farmers and the Northeast Organic Farming Association of Vermont produced this set of guidelines in 2002, outlining how to...
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Dairy: Guidelines for Dairy Farms Making the Transition to Certified Organic Milk Production, from Maryland Dept of Ag.
A transition fact sheet for Maryland.
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Dairy: NOFA-Mass Organic Dairy Program
The NOFA-Mass Organic Dairy Program seeks to provide Massachusetts dairy farmers with information about organic milk production and the transition...
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Dairy: The Organic Decision: Transitioning to Organic Dairy Production Workbook
This workbook, developed by Cornell Cooperative Extension specialists in consultation with NODPA, helps explore the possibilities of transitioning...
Eight Tips for Transitioning to Organic Production
This short fact sheet includes advice on land selection, crop selection, green manures, tillage and more.
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Fact Sheet on Organic Livestock Production from the Montana Organic Program
Quick overview of livestock production basics--prohibited substances, living conditions, feed requirements, etc.
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FAQs About Organic Certification, from the Natural Resources Conservation Service
Includes questions such as: Can I certify part of the farm? How do you manage weeds? How much will I get? How hard is it to get certified?
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Fundamentals of Organic Agriculture, from Iowa State University Extension
This attractive publication, available online in PDF, covers certification production and marketing, as well as some organic basics.
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General Guidelines for Organic Crop Production
This University of Florida article provides a clear outline of requirements for organic crop production and certification.
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Grains: Great Articles and Resources on Organic Grain Production in North Carolina
This web page from North Carolina State University provides links to information on cover crops, rotations, crop budgets, harvest and storage, seed...
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Grains: Organic Grain--Another Way
This educational package of 3 video tapes, 2 200-page books, and assorted reprints can serve as a framework for study and discussion groups...
Grains: Production-Oriented Videos Teach Organic Grain-Growing Tips
When a national organic dairy opened on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1996, mid-Atlantic grain producers realized they had an opportunity to add...
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Introduction To Organic Farming, from the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
Information on the benefits of organic farming, certification, transition period, market growth and more.
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Making the Transition from Conventional to Organic Farming Using Conservation Tillage in Florida
Organic farming is one of the fastest-growing segments of agriculture in the U.S. and in Florida. Making the transition from conventional (strip...
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Minnesota Guide to Organic Certification
An excellent guide to organic certification in Minnesota that covers transitioning, choosing a certifying agency, establishing an audit trail, the...
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National Organic Program Fact Sheets
These simple fact sheets from the National Organic Program web site, provide--in English and Spanish--the basics of organic production and...
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NC Organic: A Resource Web Site for Organic Growers from North Carolina State University
This resource guide covers general production advice, pests and disease control, season extension, cover crops, field crops, post harvest handling,...
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New Organic Production Guide from Center for Environmental Farming Systems in North Carolina
The new CEFS organic production guide contains 10 chapters, each addressing a different topic important to organic production: composting, cover...
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Northeast Organic Farming Association of Vermont (NOFA-VT)
NOFA-VT is a non-profit association of farmers, gardeners, and consumers working to promote an economically viable and ecologically sound Vermont...
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Organic Agriculture at Washington State University
Washington State's CSANR (Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources) web site hosts articles, information and resources on a range of...
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Organic Agriculture Center of Canada
This web site organizes content and resources both by province and topic. It includes web-based courses in organic production and marketing,...
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Organic at Cornell University
This web site features research reports, publications on cropping systems, organic dairy, and contact information for the organic team at Cornell.
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Organic Crop Production Factsheet from University of Kentucky
This factsheet presents a general overview of organic production methods and economics. It is one in a series of introductory information sheets...
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Organic dairying overview from Maritime Certified Organic Growers in Canada
This fact sheet covers the transition and all of the basic requirements for pasture, health care, etc.
Organic Farming and Marketing Questions
The Economic Research Service of the USDA has compiled quick and easy answers to some basic questions about organic farm, marketing and...
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Organic Farming Compliance Handbook: A Resource Guide for Western Region Agricultural Professionals
This comprehensive online guide covers principles of organic production, organic system plans, materials compliance, marketing and more. In...
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Organic Farming On The Prairies: An Organic Production Manual
Organic Farming On The Prairies: An Organic Production Manual contains a wealth of information that will be useful not only to beginning organic...
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Organic Farming Resources from the EPA's National Agriculture Compliance Assistance Center
This information web page from the EPA provides basic information on the National Organic Program, organic production and handling standards and more.
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Organic Farming, Certification and Marketing Questions and Answers from the USDA's Economic Research Service
This Q&A collection answers questions about organic basics, about where you can receive technical assistance on organic certification, production...
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Organic Industry Timeline
Though slightly skewed toward Whole Foods Market, which published it, this timeline provides an excellent overview of the emergence of the organic...
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Organic Livestock Production - FAQ's from Manitoba, Canada
Brief but useful answers to important questions about organic livestock production.
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Organic Livestock Production and Marketing, from North Carolina
This 20 page guidebook, from North Carolina State University's Center for Environmental Farming Systems, covers writing an organic plan, managing...
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Organic Livestock Production: Information Resources from Washington State University
This web page provides information on and links to books, web sites and articles to cover a wide range of topics on organic livestock production.
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Organic Production and Handling Information from University of Florida
Several dozen articles on a wide variety of organic production topics--including biological control of pests, guidelines for applying poultry...
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Organic Resource Manual from Washington State University
This 92-page online manual addresses a broad range of organic topics in detail: organic rules and standards, organic crop and livestock production,...
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Organic Transition Details, from Ontario
A description of the transition period, from the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.
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Penn State's Transition to Organic Web Site
This web site provides information on organic-related courses at Penn State, contact information on people involved in organic at the University,...
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Planning your Transition to Organic Production, from Saskatchewan Provincial Government
An article dealing with fertility, weeds, cover crops, rotations and other issues during transition to organic.
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Research on Large California Farm Proves Organic Transition Feasible
SARE funded research through the University of California. Researchers helped Tanimura and Antle Inc. convert over 200 acres of their Salinas...
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Rocky Mountain Small Organic Farms Project
This project manages eight acres of organic production at the Horticulture Field Research Center in Fort Collins, Colorado. Some of their research...
Steps to a Successful Organic Transition, from New Brunswick, Canada
The transition from conventional to organic farming requires numerous changes. One of the biggest changes is in the mindset of the farmer....
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Storey Publishing Guides to Raising Animals
Storey's Guide to Raising series offers insight on farm management, livestock farming, and caring for and raising the "outdoor" members of your...
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Survey of Western Extension Educators On Topics Related to Sustainable Agriculture
Western SARE's Professional Development Program, in cooperation with a research team in the University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Service,...
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Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems at Michigan State University
A portal site that provides access to all of the sustainable farming initiatives at Michigan State University, including programs about soil...
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Sustainable Agriculture Publications from Iowa State University Extension
Iowa State has several dozen pamphlets and books on sustainable agriculture available through it’s online book store. Some are available in PDF...
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Sustainable Agriculture: Definitions and Terms
This resource document, created by the Alternative Farming Systems Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, provides a thoughtful...
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Switching to a Sustainable System, by Fred Kirshenmannfee
This booklet is written for farmers who are contemplating a switch from a conventional / chemical to a sustainable / organic farming system....
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The New Agriculture Network: Farmers, Researchers and Educators Teaming Up for Sustainable and Organic Ag Solutions in the Great Lakes Region
This initiative provides a twice monthly newsletter during the growing season focused on organic ag issues. Three universities --Michigan State...
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The New American Farmer, 2nd Edition
Ranging from small vegetable farms to cattle ranches and grain farms covering thousands of acres, the producers profiled in The New American...
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The Organic Certification Process: A Factsheet from the University of Kentucky
This factsheet addresses all of the steps involved in getting organic certification.
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This Common Ground, Seasons on an Organic Farmfee
A beautifully written chronicle of the perennial mysteries of the seasons and the soil. Since 1990, Scott Chaskey has worked as a land steward and...
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Transition Strategies for Post-CRP Certified Organic Grain Production in Iowa
Post-Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land may provide an excellent opportunity to satisfy certified organic crop production requirements....
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Transitioning to Organic, an Article from Georgia Organics
A well-written look at what you need to consider when transitioning to organic. Short and to the point.
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Transitions: A Farmers Notebook on Sustainable Agriculturefee
This notebook covers the basic areas that a farmer adopting more sustainable practices will need to consider: diverse crop rations, soil building...
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Vegetables: Organic Vegetable Production Guide from Purdue University
This 20-page guide from Purdue University in Indiana covers soil fertility, seeds and plants, insect, disease and weed management, along with links...
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Vegetables: Organic Vegetable Production In California--A Series
This web page links you to documents on: * Organic Certification, Farm Production Planning, and Marketing Soil Management and Soil Quality for...
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Vegetables: Sustainable Vegetable Production from Start-Up to Market
Successful vegetable farmers do much more than produce vegetables; they also manage money, people, and natural resources effectively. For aspiring...
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Weed Population Dynamics in the Transition Period to Organic and No-Till Diversified Cropping Systems in the Northern Great Plains
Producer identified obstacles to adopting more diverse cropping systems or organic production systems include concerns about weed management during...
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What Conservationists Need to Know about Organic Growers
This series of questions and answers educates conservation professionals about the value of organic production by answering questions such as: Why...
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Whole Farm Planning Advice from Georgia Organics, Including Organic Planning Templates
Whole Farm Planning is a process that enables a farm to balance farm profitability, community stability, and environmental vitality. It is an...
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With an Ear to the Ground: Essays on Sustainable Agriculture
Since 1997, Vern Grubinger has been a regular commentator on Vermont Public Radio, where he has talked about food, farmers, and rural life. Now...
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Yield increases During the Organic Transition: Is it Due to Improving Soil?
Reported increases in crop yields over the first few years of organic farming (especially during the 3-year "transitional" period established in US...
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